Today, the spotlight is on Dr Rita Opene, a trailblazing public health practitioner from Isoko South Local Government Area, Delta State. Inspired by the compassionate care of health workers in her community, she embarked on a mission to make a broader impact in the lives of others. With a strong focus on Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in the State Ministry of Health, she’s dedicated to debunking myths and improving prevention and management efforts.
In our exclusive interview, the public health expert shares her insights on the challenges posed by NCDs, the importance of awareness and education, and her vision for a multifaceted approach to combat this growing health concern in Nigeria. Excerpts. Could you tell us a bit about yourself and what drew you to the medical field?
I am a public health practitioner and the non-communicable disease program coordinator under the Delta State Ministry of Health, and I am also a native of Isoko South in the State. I’ve always had an interest in medicine, inspired by seeing doctors and nurses treat children. I used to tell my mother that I wanted to be a nurse. But one day, my lesson teacher suggested I aim to become a doctor instead. He encouraged me to study hard and focus on science. So, I did just that and eventually earned my medical degree from Ebonyi State University.
Did you work as a medical doctor before transitioning to public health?
Yes, I did. I worked as a medical doctor, completed my internship in 2010, and then worked in several private facilities before joining the state civil service.
How do you perceive the issue of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Nigeria?
There’s been a significant shift from communicable to non-communicable diseases due to lifestyle changes. Our forefathers led more physically active lives and consumed fresh fruits and vegetables. Nowadays, we have more sedentary and ‘comfortable’ lifestyles, indulging in diets high in junk food, fatty foods, refined foods, and carbonated drinks. A lot of people stock their fridges with fizzy drinks which they take every day, thinking that they are enjoying their life, not knowing that they are only complicating their health. Many are so used to air conditioning; from their car to the office and back to their home they have shunned natural air. This shift has made NCDs a major issue in Nigeria.
Why do you think non-communicable diseases are particularly affecting younger children?
Children today are given unhealthy snacks and drinks, and they lack physical activity. They sit in school all day, eat carb-heavy snacks, and come home to sedentary activities like using gadgets or watching TV. This has led to a rise in overweight children. Additionally, some parents believe a chubby child is a sign of good health and overfeed them, even under-a-year old. This lifestyle is a breeding ground for NCDs.
The rise of NCDs among kids has been on the news, especially in the US, where 3-year-olds have to get on cholesterol patches to manage the impact that processed foods have had on their health. Is Nigeria getting to that stage? How do you think we can handle this issue?
Yes, we could be heading in that direction if we don’t make changes. Living a healthy life requires intentionality. Eat more fruits and vegetables, reduce carbs and proteins, and limit carbonated drinks. Individuals should adopt physical activity—walk around your neighbourhood, even if you have a car. Monitor your salt and sugar intake, keep track of your weight, and avoid smoking and excessive alcohol. Regular check-ups are essential for early detection of health issues.
Speaking about weight, what’s your take on the trending use of drugs?
These goals can be achieved naturally. Relying on drugs is unnecessary and risky. It’s about discipline—reducing meal portions and exercising. Many people take weight loss drugs but continue unhealthy eating habits, which doesn’t work. Natural methods are safer and more effective.
What are some common myths about NCDs?
There are several. People often think that stress and anxiety are the primary causes, but these can also be symptoms of an underlying disease. Some believe they’re healthy if they show no symptoms, but NCDs can develop silently over the years. Regular check-ups are vital. Another myth is that force-feeding children to make them plump is healthy, which is not true. Also, some reject medical treatment in favour of prayer alone, but it’s important to combine faith with the medical solutions God has provided.
What about unorthodox drugs for treating NCDs?
We don’t recommend them because many haven’t undergone proper medical trials. Their composition and potential side effects are unknown, and they can lead to complications over time. We advise using certified drugs that have passed clinical trials.
Nigeria aims to reduce NCD mortality by 30 per cent by 2030 as part of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Can we meet this goal?
NCDs are receiving more attention now, unlike before. The Federal Ministry of Health is implementing initiatives to reduce the burden. In Delta State, our primary focus is raising awareness about hypertension and NCDs. We’re implementing integrated services and outreaches across various locations, including motor parks, markets, and churches.
We use print and electronic media for awareness campaigns. We’ve also organized fitness walks after discovering a high rate of overweight and obesity among civil servants. Our message is that being hypertensive or having any other NCD isn’t the end; early detection and management are key. We encourage proactive steps and healthy lifestyles. Our facilities are equipped to detect and manage common NCDs, ensuring everyone has access to the necessary care and resources.
What personal steps do you take to keep NCDs at bay?
I stay intentional about exercise and avoid toxins that cause NCDs. I watch my diet, drink lots of water, and eat fruits. I also avoid smoking and drinking.
How do you think we can better educate the public on NCD prevention and management?
Education is key. We need continuous public health campaigns that emphasize the importance of healthy eating, regular exercise, and routine medical check-ups. Schools should incorporate physical education and nutritional programs into their curriculum. Community leaders and influencers can help spread the message. Additionally, we should leverage social media and other digital platforms to reach a broader audience.
What support do you believe is needed from the government and private sector to combat NCDs effectively?
For meaningful progress in public health, the government and private sector need to work collaboratively. The government can play a pivotal role by providing funding for public health initiatives, ensuring access to affordable healthcare, and crafting policies that encourage healthy lifestyles.
Meanwhile, the private sector can significantly contribute by investing in research, supporting health education programs, and promoting wellness initiatives for employees. Together, through public-private partnerships, these combined efforts can achieve a greater impact.
How can we improve access to healthcare for managing NCDs in rural areas?
Improving access in rural areas requires a multi-faceted approach. We need to strengthen primary healthcare facilities and ensure they are well-equipped. Training and deploying more healthcare workers to these areas is crucial.
Mobile clinics and telemedicine can bridge the gap where physical facilities are lacking. Community health workers can play a vital role in providing education and basic care. Additionally, improving infrastructure, such as roads and transportation, will make it easier for people to access healthcare services.
What do you see as the biggest challenges in combating NCDs in Nigeria?
The key challenges we face include raising awareness and education about non-communicable diseases (NCDs), improving access to healthcare, particularly in rural areas, and addressing lifestyle changes that contribute to sedentary behaviour and unhealthy eating habits.
Moreover, cultural beliefs and misconceptions can sometimes pose obstacles to effective prevention and management efforts. Another important concern is the need for increased funding and resources to support public health initiatives.
How do you think we can overcome these challenges?
Addressing these challenges will require a collaborative effort from all stakeholders. Ongoing public health education campaigns are essential for raising awareness and addressing misconceptions. Enhancing the healthcare system, particularly in underserved areas, is equally important.
Implementing policies that encourage healthy lifestyles—such as regulating junk food advertising and promoting physical activity—can have a meaningful impact. Additionally, increased funding from the government and active support from the private sector are vital. Effective collaboration among government, private entities, communities, and individuals is crucial in reducing the burden of NCDs in Nigeria.
