BY OGORAMAKA AMOS
Rivers State, often referred to as the “Treasure Base of the Nation” due to its vast oil and gas resources, has long been a flashpoint for political and economic tensions in Nigeria. Located in the Niger Delta region, the state is not only a critical hub for the nation’s economy but also a hotbed of political intrigue, power struggles, and occasional violence.
The recent declaration of a state of emergency by President Bola Tinubu has further exacerbated the already tense situation, sending shockwaves through the business community, civil society, and the general populace. Thus, The Pointer delves into the background of the political crisis, the implications of the state of emergency, and its multifaceted effects on businesses, transportation, and daily life in Rivers State.
Before The Beginning
The political crisis in Rivers State can be traced back to the deep-seated rivalry between key political figures and factions within the state. Rivers State has a history of political volatility, often fueled by the high stakes of controlling the state’s vast resources. The current crisis, however, has its roots in the fallout between Governor Siminalayi Fubara and his predecessor, Nyesom Wike, now the Minister of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).
Wike, a dominant figure in Rivers State politics, had handpicked Fubara as his successor, expecting him to continue his political legacy. However, shortly after assuming office, Fubara began to assert his independence, leading to a rift between the two leaders. This rift quickly escalated into a full-blown political crisis, with both sides mobilizing their supporters and engaging in a series of political manoeuvres, including defections, impeachments, and counter-impeachments.
The crisis reached a boiling point when the state House of Assembly became polarized, with lawmakers aligning themselves with either Fubara or Wike. This led to dramatic events, including the demolition of the state House of Assembly complex, allegedly on the orders of the governor to prevent impeachment proceedings against him. The political instability quickly spilt over into the streets, with protests, counter-protests, and violence becoming common.
Tinubu’s Declaration
In response to the escalating violence and the breakdown of law and order, President Tinubu declared a state of emergency in Rivers State on March 18, 2025. The declaration, made under Section 305 of the Nigerian Constitution, granted the Federal Government sweeping powers to restore order, including the deployment of military personnel to the state.
While the move was ostensibly aimed at quelling the violence and restoring stability, it has been met with mixed reactions. Supporters of the President argue that the state of emergency was necessary to prevent the situation from spiralling out of control, while critics view it as an overreach of federal power and an infringement on the autonomy of the state government.
Businesses Suffer
The declaration of a state of emergency and the subsequent deployment of military personnel have had a profound impact on businesses in Rivers State. The state, home to the Port Harcourt seaport, numerous oil and gas companies, and a vibrant informal sector, has seen significant disruptions in economic activities.
In Port Harcourt, the state capital, the atmosphere is tense. Markets that were once bustling with activity are now eerily quiet, and the streets are patrolled by armed soldiers. For many residents, the state of emergency is a double-edged sword.
Mr. Silas Godfrey, a civil servant expressed his frustration: “This is an unfortunate development. In Lagos, the president intervened and ended the crisis. In Rivers State, he took sides and demonstrated clear bias. What action has he taken against his minister (Wike), who is responsible for fueling the crisis? No one is considering the effect of this decision on the people of Rivers. Many workers in the local governments have not been paid since February. It is disheartening.”
Another resident, Mr Sunday Armstrong criticized the decision: “Declaring a state of emergency was a wrong decision taken too hastily. I believe it was their target all along. The president’s intervention was insincere. I pray for the safety of ordinary people in the state. As the saying goes, when two elephants fight, the grass suffers.”
Accordingly, a taxi driver, Mr Chinedu Eze voiced his concerns: “The soldiers are everywhere, and it’s intimidating. I understand they are here to protect us, but I worry about how they will treat ordinary people. We don’t want to exchange one form of violence for another.”
However, a non-academic staff member in Port Harcourt, Dr Charles Oghie, offered a different perspective: “Truth be told, the proclamation of a state of emergency declared by Mr. President is long overdue. With the drums of war already beaten by both parties, violence was inevitable. At least with what Mr. President has done, it will restore peace and checkmate further breakdown of law and order in the state.”
SMEs and Business Owners Speak Out
For many business owners, the state of emergency has been a double-edged sword. While the presence of military personnel has reduced crime, it has also created an atmosphere of fear and uncertainty, deterring customers and disrupting supply chains.
Mr. Chinedu Okoro, a supermarket owner lamented the decline in sales: “People are afraid to come out and shop. The streets are filled with soldiers, and while that has reduced crime, it has also scared away customers. Many of my suppliers are reluctant to come into the state, fearing they might get caught up in the unrest.”
Mrs Adaeze Nwankwo, who runs a small restaurant, shared similar sentiments: “Business has been very slow. People are staying indoors, and even those who want to come out are afraid of being harassed by soldiers.”
Similarly, Mr Edward Ogbonna, a solar and CCTV installation business owner, warned of the long-term impact: “This is a pathetic situation. Governor Fubara had created opportunities for foreign investors in agriculture and health. The state of emergency sends a wrong signal, potentially driving investors away. This will greatly affect major sectors of the state, impacting the livelihood of Rivers people and the development of the state.”
Stakeholders Weigh In
Stakeholders in the business community have also expressed concerns about the long-term impact of the state of emergency on the economy of Rivers State.
President of the Rivers Entrepreneurs and Investors Forum, Bobmanuel Ibifiri emphasized the need for stability: “As investors, we expect the government to provide a stable outlook. If we have stability, we can thrive. The fact that the political crisis couldn’t be resolved baffles me. Our major concern is whether the Sole Administrator will focus on bringing the right policies that would attract investors who will harness the potential of the state. Right now, the state of emergency might create an image that the state is in crisis, deterring investors.”
Also, Dr. Ebenezer Okoli, an entrepreneur and investor warned of potential relocations: “The business environment has become increasingly hostile. Some companies may consider relocating to other states where they can operate without fear of disruption. If this trend continues, it could have devastating consequences for the economy of Rivers State and the entire Niger Delta region.”
The Oil and Gas Sector
The oil and gas sector, the backbone of Rivers State’s economy, has also been affected by the political crisis and the state of emergency. While major oil companies have largely maintained their operations, smaller operators and service providers have faced significant challenges.
Mr. Tamuno George, an independent oil contractor revealed that many projects have been put on hold: “It’s been very difficult to get anything done. The roads are often blocked by military checkpoints, and there’s always the risk of being caught in the crossfire. Many clients have suspended operations until the situation improves.”
The Chief Executive Officer of an independent Oil and Gas company, Mr. Austin Okocha highlighted the risks to the industry: “The oil and gas sector is highly sensitive to security concerns. The state of emergency could disrupt operations, delay projects, and increase costs. Investors are looking for stability, and the current situation is a red flag.”
The Impact on Transportation
To an extent, the state of emergency has disrupted transportation in Rivers State. The deployment of military personnel causing long delays and making it difficult for people and goods to move freely, especially at the early hours of the day due to fear of uncertainty.
Mr. Emmanuel Okafor, a commercial bus driver shared his experience: “We don’t even know what will happen next. So far, there haven’t been many checkpoints, just military vans stationed at major areas. The roads are a bit free for now, but if checkpoints increase, movement will be severely affected.”
Impact on Civil Society and Activism
So far, the state of emergency has had a chilling effect on civil society and political movements in Rivers State. The heavy military presence has made it difficult for activists, opposition politicians, and other groups to organize protests or public gatherings.
Mr. Goodwill Precious, a human rights activist accused the Federal Government of suppressing dissent: “The state of emergency is not just about restoring order; it’s about consolidating power. We’ve seen the military break up peaceful protests and arrest activists critical of the government. This undermines democracy.”
Nndamzi Ekulor, a lawyer and conflict resolution expert called on the President to reconsider the decision: “Section 305 gives the President power to declare a state of emergency, but it does not authorize the suspension of the governor, deputy governor, or House of Assembly members.”
A security analyst, Efe Mwanogor described the decision as hasty: “The President has no constitutional power to declare a state of emergency over an attack on an oil installation that no group has claimed responsibility for. This approach creates uncertainty and makes residents live in fear.”
Desperation Taken Too Far, Ijaw Group Tells Tinubu
An advocacy group, the Ijaw Residents Association (IRA) voiced strong opposition to the state of emergency declared by President Tinubu in Rivers State, labeling it as a “desecration of democracy” and “desperation taken too far.”
The President of the group, Patrick Ebikebuno said that the declaration of a state of emergency in Rivers State has raised alarm among the Ijaw nation.
Ebikebuno, who represents Ijaws from various states including Ondo, Delta, Akwa Ibom, and Bayelsa, emphasized the peaceful nature of the Ijaw people, stating, “We are gentle in character and very accommodating.”
He expressed dismay over the current political climate, noting the historical significance of the Ijaw people in the creation of Rivers State, particularly citing the sacrifices of Isaac Boro.
The IRA President highlighted a perceived imbalance in political representation, pointing out that two Ikwerre individuals have governed the state for the past 16 years.
“Nature demands that at least this time an Ijaw man is a governor,” he stated, questioning why Ijaw representation is being overlooked. ‘’How could you imagine that the President will take a fiat to suspend an elected government?” he asked. He urged the President to reconsider this decision, stressing that it is an affront to democratic principles and calling for peace and dialogue.
Ebikebuno warned that the situation in Rivers State is under global scrutiny. His words, “The whole world is looking at us. We urge the President to act as a democrat and rescind the emergency declaration for the sake of peace.”
Ebikebuno’s remarks highlight the frustrations of the Ijaw people and their call for equitable governance, urging a return to democratic norms as tensions in Rivers State continue to escalate.
A State in Turmoil
The political crisis in Rivers State and the declaration of a state of emergency by President Tinubu have created a complex and volatile situation with far-reaching consequences. While the deployment of military personnel has brought a measure of security, it has also created an atmosphere of fear and uncertainty, disrupting businesses, transportation, and daily life in the state.
The voices of business owners, stakeholders, politicians, lawyers, civil rights activists, and traditional rulers all point to a deep sense of unease and frustration. The state of emergency, while intended to restore order, has also raised concerns about the erosion of civil liberties and the potential for political manipulation.
As Rivers State contends with this crisis, the need for a peaceful and inclusive resolution has never been more urgent. The people of Rivers State, who have endured so much, deserve a future where they can live and work without fear, and where their voices can be heard in a truly democratic process. Only then can the “Treasure Base of the Nation” truly fulfil its potential as a beacon of prosperity and stability in Nigeria.
